If you are planning a trip to Latvia, it is likely that you have come across articles referencing Latvian saunas in your research. But what is a Latvian sauna, and what makes it special?
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History of the Latvian Sauna
Sauna rituals have been a Latvian way of life for centuries and are an important aspect of Latvian culture. In the past, bathhouses were common among families and served more practical purposes. For example, the sauna was a place to bathe as well as a facility in which a mother would give birth. It is also here that a mother and child would receive their first bath together.
Although modernization has reduced the need for bathhouses, the traditions of health and wellness live on. Latvia’s ancient cleansing ritual is different from how most may view a sauna today. The idea is similar, but the execution is quite different. And while the focus is still on health and healing, it’s also an activity enjoyed with friends and family. Since it’s the Latvian version of a spa day or spa weekend, it’s also popular for romantic getaways and girls’ trips.
What is a Latvian Sauna Ritual Like?
In North America, a sauna is a place you go to “sweat it out.” By definition, it is a small room that uses dry heat or steam to cleanse the body. In the US, one may spend 20-30 minutes in a sauna to release toxins or relax muscles. Latvian culture extends the meaning and purpose of such a visit into something much deeper.
In Latvia, these types of rooms are known as pirts. Going to a Latvian pirts is a way to relax, heal, and revitalize. The chambers, often made of wood, typically reach an ideal temperature of 86 degrees Celsius (186 F). The pirtniek, your professional sauna master, builds steam by pouring water over sizzling stones.
Traditionally, a Latvian sauna experience is a slow process that consists of at least three heating sessions. Each session increases in length and intensity as you reach a state of maximum exposure. During these times, your pirtniek will use various techniques to gently massage and exfoliate your body. You will usually hear the massage referred to as “whipping.” While that is technically correct, it is not as harsh as it sounds.
Like Most Traditions in Latvia, Nature Plays a Large Role
Latvians value nature. Over 50% of the country is forest area and there are no plans to change that. Preserving green space is a way that the country can honor its heritage and safeguard an economy that thrives on copious biodiversity. You will find that most, if not all, traditions in Latvia incorporate the environment in some way. Going to a Latvian pirts is a way to enjoy many of the benefits that creation has to offer.
The pirtniek will gather small branches from native trees in a nearby forest to create broom-like whisks. He will then create a concoction of using natural herbs and essential oils to soak the foliage. The aromatics, customized to your needs, will relax and rejuvenate the body. In between, you will take some time for rest and rehydration. The entire process can take three hours or more and ends with submerging yourself into ice-cold water.
Latvian Sauna Culture
Latvian culture is deeply rooted in nature. The sauna ritual is an extension of the ancient belief that nature is a cornucopia of gifts that aid in and enhance one’s health and wellness. A sauna in Latvia is not necessarily a luxury. Instead, it is a necessity. It is common for Latvians to go to pirts monthly, if not weekly, to cleanse their body of toxins, relax the mind and relieve ailments. It is even typical for families to go to the sauna together.
Going to a traditional pirts in Latvia is a unique way to culturally connect. It offers you the chance to create a memorable experience that you will not find anywhere else. There are plenty of ways to enjoy a sauna around the world, but only one place to indulge in a Latvian sauna. Fortunately, pirts are not difficult to find if a traditional sauna is an experience you would like to add to your list of things to do in Latvia.
How old is the Latvian sauna tradition?
Sauna rituals in Latvia date back to at least the 1800s.
What is the significance of Latvian sauna culture?
Latvians view going to the sauna as an essential means to health and wellness. They also view sauna rituals as a way to honor their ancestors.
What treatments are used during a Latvian pirts ritual?
During a traditional pirts ritual, the pirtniek will use various techniques and tools of nature to treat the body. Broom-like bundles are made using tree branches, usually birch or oak, for whipping. Salts infused with essential oils from native flora is used to exfoliate the body.
Jenna Walker is a travel writer from Oklahoma who lives with her husband, two children, and three rescue pets. While out and about in the world, she loves spending time outdoors, exploring local culture, and trying new foods. Jenna knows that, often, we overlook our own backyard. You can also find her stories and guides on the website, The Oklahoma Experience.
Hey! I'm Jenna Walker and this is where I share stories and guides about adventure, culture, and good food. I hope this website inspires you to live your best travel life and encourages you to explore the world with an open mind and adventurous spirit.